Tech Notes about the Shrunken Quad

The Shrunken Quad is a design described in TRANSMITTER HUNTING - Radio Direction Finding Simplified, and is popular as a sniffing antenna with many hunters. Here are some postings to the Foxlist about this antenna.


From: Jim_Bowman@ATK.COM (Jim Bowman)
To: fox-list@netcom.com (FOX-LIST)
Organization: Alliant TechSystems, Inc.
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 1996 13:50:06 GMT
Subject: SHRUNKEN QUAD
Sender: owner-fox-list@netcom.com

Greetings to the list

I am  interested  in  any  advice/feedback  from  the list regarding the
"Shrunken Quad" described  in  the  book  "Transmitter  Hunting  - Radio
Direction Finding Simplified" by Joe Moell, K0OV.  I built one, but have
not found a source for  the  piston  trimmers in the necessary value.  I
tried some small air variables, but  had  no luck getting any indication
of proper tuning using my MFJ antenna analyzer.  I also tried some small
compression trimmers I had in the junk box,  although I can't be certain
of their value.  I tried resonating the driven  element alone, to try to
minimize any possible effects by the second element.  No luck.

I also wonder if anyone has tried any alternative to  the  coaxial balun
as described in the book.  I wonder if a few  ferrite beads or a coil of
a  few  turns  of  the  coax at the antenna feed point would  adequately
isolate the coax, or ??  In other words, I'm wondering if my  coax balun
is a problem.  I even tried to couple directly to the loop to  see  if I
could resonate.

The  capacitors  across the loops are such a small value, I wonder if it
would work  to just use insulated wires twisted together in place of the
capacitors, and snip  the twisted pair back a little at a time to adjust
the capacitance?

I think this is  a  nifty  little quad, and would like to get it working
properly.  Any help would be appreciated.

73,
Jim W7HPK
jbowman@ATK.COM
------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Bruce Paterson 
Subject: SHRUNKEN QUAD (fwd)
To: sleipnir!fox-list%netcom.com@sleipnir.iaccess.com.au (Foxhunt Mailing List)
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 96 20:30:22 EDT
Mailer: Elm [revision: 70.85]
Sender: owner-fox-list@netcom.com

*Greetings to the list
*
*I am interested in any advice/feedback from the list regarding the "Shrunken 
*Quad" described in the book "Transmitter Hunting - Radio Direction Finding 
*Simplified" by Joe Moell, K0OV. I built one, but have not found a source for 
*the piston trimmers in the necessary value. I tried some small air 
*variables, but had no luck getting any indication of proper tuning using my 
*MFJ antenna analyzer. I also tried some small compression trimmers I had in 
*the junk box, although I can't be certain of their value. I tried resonating 
*the driven element alone, to try to minimize any possible effects by the 
*second element. No luck.

I've built a 6m version  (just everything scaled up to 52MHz) and boy is
it touchy !  The capacitors  _do_  need  to  be  good quality, and their
adjustment is critical to get a good  F/B  ratio.   The chair spring two
element 6m yagis I built previously _seem_ to  be less critical in their
adjustment  (even  though  they  don't  look nearly as pretty  in  their
construction).    The  Quad  didn't end up working on a  hunt,  probably
'cause something critical got bumped.  I'll give it another go sometime,
but  given  my  experience  so  far  I'm not sure if I'd recommend  them
yet.....

*
*I also wonder if anyone has tried any alternative to the coaxial balun as 
*described in the book. I wonder if a few ferrite beads or a coil of a few 
*turns of the coax at the antenna feed point would adequately isolate the 
*coax, or ?? In other words, I'm wondering if my coax balun is a problem. I 
*even tried to couple directly to the loop to see if I could resonate.

I  used  a  normal gamma match onto the quad driven element.  That  part
works fine !  There is no reason gamma & delta matches can't be  used on
Quads as well as Yagi.  For some reason not many people seem to.

*The capacitors across the loops are such a small value, I wonder if it would 
*work to just use insulated wires twisted together in place of the 
*capacitors, and snip the twisted pair back a little at a time to adjust the 
*capacitance?

Better use pretty thick un-bumpable wires...

*I think this is a nifty little quad, and would like to get it working 
*properly. Any help would be appreciated.

Sorry I can't  help  more.    How  about  someone  replying who has been
repeatably successful ?   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: lra@top.monad.net
Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 10:45:29 -0500
To: fox-list@netcom.com
Subject: Shrunken Quad Experiences
Sender: owner-fox-list@netcom.com

For what it's worth, I built a shrunken quad a year or two ago and had a
terrible time with it.  Wound up  giving it away at a hamfest!  However,
I will admit the following:

1.  I didn't use piston caps, rather a compression trimmer of some sort,
perhaps not even exactly the right range.

2. I used a fairly thin gage wire.

I  couldn't  get  the  thing  to  resonate,  or  to  act  even  remotely
directional.  In any event, I thought the design was  pretty  cool,  and
think it would be an ideal antenna - if I could  make  it  work!   Since
then  I noticed that hamtronics has 1-10 pf piston caps listed in  their
catalog,  but  haven't tried any yet.  I have built a 440 MHz  quad  for
third harmonic  hunting,  but  haven't  given  that a field test yet.  I
think that might  be  a  good compromise antenna - usable on 146 or 440,
and fairly small.

Anyway, while I can't  lend  any good advice on the Shrunken Quad, count
me as one of the group who would sure like to get one to work!

73,

Larry Antonuk  WB9RRT/1
Keene, NH
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: 27 Mar 96 23:31:50 EST
From: Joe Moell 
To: Fox-list 
Subject: Help for the Shrunken Quad
Sender: owner-fox-list@netcom.com

I sent Shrunken Quad info directly to Jim, but some of it may also be of
interest to the list.  This  antenna  DOES  work very well, provided you
build/tune it correctly and don't expect to use it over a wide frequency
range.  I have rebuilt my original 2m  Shrunken quad using 1/4" diameter
fiberglass spreaders and 3/32-inch bronze welding rod elements.   It  is
now extremely rugged, and has withstood lots of tramping in  the  brush.
I also built a 6 meter version that I use regularly  on  the van for the
monthly 6m hunt in southern California.

Not just any old piston trimmers will do.  The easiest ones  for hams to
find are the kind that look like a ceramic tube about 3/4 inch long with
plating  on  outside  and a screw with rather coarse thread that goes in
and out.    THESE  DON'T  WORK, because the adjustment is too coarse for
this high Q circuit.  

The ones I  recommend  are  1/4  inch  in  diameter  and  1/2 inch long,
completely enclosed in ceramic  and  brass.  They have a constant-torque
drive with very fine thread.    It  takes 11 turns of the tuning tool to
cover  the the full capacitance range.    The  piston  and  bellows  are
internal and the whole thing is sealed,  so  moisture/water  won't upset
the tuning.  They are similar to Johanson  5201PC  series  in the Newark
catalog.  For a less expensive source, try Bogdan  Electronic Research &
Development  (Jim  &  Carolyn  Bogdan),  PO Box 62, Lakewood, CA  90712,
310/634-0911.  They have had these trimmers for sale at swap  meets  and
the VHF conferences.

It takes some painstaking tuning back and forth on the capacitor to  get
the driven  element and reflector to resonate properly, so twisted wires
aren't  practical.   Besides,  you  would  have  to  find  some  way  to
encapsulate them or they would get detuned from handling in the field.

The balun on the  Shrunken  Quad  is  of the "bazooka" or "sleeve" type,
which  consists of an extra  length  of  braid,  an  electrical  quarter
wavelength long, placed over the antenna end of the RG-58 coax feedline.
The sleeve is connected to the RG-58  shield  only at the end closest to
the  receiver  input.   The antenna end of  the  sleeve  is  left  open.
Special coax is not required.  For more information  on  sleeve  baluns,
see the "Linear Baluns" section in the "Transmission Lines" chapter of a
recent ARRL Handbook.

Instructions  for  making  the  balun:   Make a quarter-inch cut in  the
feedline  jacket  12.9  inches  from the antenna end, exposing the braid
there.   (Don't  remove  the  entire  foot  of  jacket---just  a  little
quarter-inch ring of  it.)  Now take some braid from old coax, smooth it
down over the outside jacket on that last 12.9 inches, and connect it to
the shield at the point  where  you cut the jacket.  Leave the other end
open.  Put tape or shrink  sleeving  over  the  added  braid  to prevent
shorts.

Joe Moell K0OV
Homingin@aol.com